collecting about $2,500 within a week's time. Then came a series of program evenings and bazaars, and the starting of a women's sewing circle, with Saima Niemi as chairman and Impi Tuura as secretary. When activities were officially ended in 1947, the community had collected almost $9,500 in cash and over 9 tons of goods, shipped to Finland, and even after the official termination the proceeds of the 1948 midsummer festival were still sent to the Help Finland organization. Prior to this event, Cloquet had been host for the 1926 and the 1941 midsummer festivals.

It was in the spirit of such community-wide effort that a local chapter of the MFAHS was also established, with J. A. Mattinen as chairman and Oscar Juntunen as secretary.

Finnish Businesses and Professional Men: The earliest local business enterprises were the Buskala jewelry shop, the Kuitu and Mattinen grocery store, the Sahlman and Ranta clothing store, the Alaspa jewelry store, the candy stores of Matti Perä and Tario, the boarding houses of John Luomala, Swan Aahlgren and Matti Tuisku, and varied other business activities carried on by Andrew Parpala, Charles Forssi, Henry Kauppi, Henry Oja and Victor J. Strom. To move toward the present, Lars Strom and Väinö Filby are in insurance, Sulo Aastedt is an electrical contractor, and Arne Heino an official in the engineering department of the Cloquet Wood Conversion Company. Finnish attorneys are Rudolph Rautio and Hugo A. Laine. Dr. Reino Puumala has a modern clinic in town. Vilho Niemi is a local radio announcer; Matti Pelkonen, a newspaperman and writer of popular songs. Prominent in local Finnish activities are Heino Hurme, Martin Kotiranta, Laina Alatalo, Impi Tuura and Saima Niemi. Also, resident of Cloquet up to his death in 1945 was a leading figure in the Finnish American temperance movement, John Lauttamus, author of several books published in Finland.

Cooperative Activity : The first cooperative enterprise was started in 1910 as the Cloquet Stock Mercantile, founded in the course of a regular business meeting of the workers' society, which elected the following of its members to be the board of directors: John Partanen, Peter Hyttinen, John Hassi, August Ahonen, Charles Wuorio, Heikki Karjalainen and Adam Lindholm. About $1,000 worth of shares were sold, and with that money modest business quarters were made ready, but that also ate up all the capital, making it necessary to borrow money from the shareholders in order to stock the cooperative's shelves.

Business was started on a cash basis, but soon credit was extended, and due to that, within two years the enterprise was

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