whose ministers must be mentioned Abram Mällinen and Alex Puotinen.

The Pentecostal, Salem congregation considers its history to have begun in 1918, when Matt L. Johnson moved to Duluth. After him, other preachers have been Hilja Väisänen-Niinikorpi, Sophia Swanson, O. Kestilä and Anna Mäki. The church was organized formally in 1932, under the sponsorship of Hilma Savolainen-Wirkkala, with 25 founding members. Meetings were held in rented quarters until 1941, when meeting rooms were purchased at the corner of West Fourth Street and Mesaba Avenue. Its pastors have included Isaac Ojaniemi, Olga Saari, Peter Nuutinen and Anton Salo. In 1941, Liida Myyrä was invited to come to Duluth to be a guest preacher, and while she was there, John Niemi deeded his country home in Palo to the church, and it has become a popular rest home. In January 1947 the church invited Rudolf Worlin to become its pastor, and he remained at the church for 10 years. In January 1952 the church began radio broadcast of its Sunday services, and these have become increasingly popular among aging Finns over a wide area. In 1956, when Mesaba Avenue was widened, the Pentecostal church (called Saalem Temple) had to be torn down, and another home was purchased on East Fifth Street, combining a meeting room and parsonage.

The Finnish Congregational (Mission) Church was established in Duluth in 1919, although Reino Hiironen of that faith had held the first meetings in the city in the summer of 1915. Although Hiironen had been unable to attract but a few Finns to hear him, he returned again the following summer, and the meetings he held then at the YMCA attracted more listeners. Later, Katri Niinikorpi continued to hold regular meetings until 1917, when William Hokkanen arrived on the scene from the Chicago seminary. At the time of his arrival, a Mission committee, composed of three Methodists and three Congregationalists, had kept up the work. In 1919, then, there followed the establishment of the Congregational Church, with 30 members, and Hokkanen was elected its first pastor. In 1921, when its unanimous decision was to join the Duluth Association of Congregational Churches, there were 42 members. Hokkanen was succeeded by A. Muhonen. and among subsequent pastors the name of J. E. Lillback has appeared.

In 1872, when Kalle Kytömäki and Eeva Nyström were married in Duluth, there was not a single Lutheran minister in the town, and the service had to be performed by a Swedish

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