"In the beginning, fees were $20 per month, which included room and board, but as the cost of living rose, the fee climbed gradually to $39 per month.

"The number of students increased from year to year, and as early as the academic year 1908-09 there were so many that the majority of them had to live outside the Institute. This brought up the question of a bigger building, and although there was no money at all available the directors were given orders to raise funds and begin building. The new building was finished in the autumn of 1910, with three large new classrooms in front, and rising in back to three stories, with quarters for 64 students, a library and office space, plus washrooms and a gymnasium in the basement. Complete with furnishings, it cost $20,000.

"As soon as it was opened, the building was promptly filled up, and the number of students still continued to rise, so that the building program had to be continued. In the autumn of 1912 a new four-story building was ready for use, with kitchen and dining-hall on the first floor: library, bookshop, offices and some students' rooms on the second; dormitory space on the third and fourth floors, so that in addition to quarters for staff personnel there were quarters for about 50 more students.

"The number of students was 130 in 1911-12; 136 in 1912-13; 157 in 1913-14; 128 in 1914-15; and 38 in 1915-16. These years were, indeed, the most flourishing ones in the history of the Institute, and at the peak, the faculty consisted of eight members. However, as soon as World War I began, immigration from Europe ceased entirely, and when America entered the war the young men were absorbed by war industries and the armed services, so that the number of students began to decrease, and after the war it was never possible to regain momentum. Besides, the destruction by fire of the newest building and the lack of furnished rooms outside kept the number of students down to about 50 on the average, until World War II brought a complete end to the Institute.

"The factors cited above were crucial in the decision not to begin a new building program. It must also be taken into consideration that as a result of the split in the Socialist Party in 1914, the Institute fell into the hands of those who supported the industrial union movement, and membership in the Party was no longer a requirement for enrollment. Rather, it became more important to belong to the IWW. Of course, stress continued to be placed in the importance of students becoming American citizens, and the faculty continued to assist students in this matter.

"Alumni of the Institute remained active in giving every possible support in their various communities. Besides them, the IWW chapters, friends of the Institute, and supporters rallied by the newspaper Industrialisti gave significant loans and gifts, and quantities of shares of stock in the Institute continued to be purchased by the local chapters and individuals. Over 30,000 shares had been sold, and as soon as some chapter had purchased a minimum of 1,000 shares it was granted a vote in annual meetings of the Institute stockholders.

"Further assistance came in the form of money raised in various benefit evenings arranged in different communities on behalf of the Institute. In addition, the students themselves undertook to tour the nearby towns when the school year was over and put on entertainments, including a speech or two stressing the significance of the Institute, putting on a play, presenting vocal and instrumental selections, thus earning hundreds of dollars annually.

"Every year thousands of copies of publications of the Institute, Revolution and The Road to Freedom, were sold, resulting in further financial support. Also, the Institute owned a collection of some 200 plays given it as a gift, and royalties were collected from groups which acted them on their amateur stages. The Institute had also published a book on the usage of the Finnish language, edited by Otto W. Oksanen, and a manual in Finnish on parliamentary procedure and rules of order.

"Faculty members of the Institute have included K. L. Haataja, Leo Laukki, Henry Johnston, Alex Sevo, Yrjö Sirola, Aku Rissanen, Otto W. Oksanen, John Suoja, Nikolai Visti, A. A. Toivonen, Kirsti Maininki, John Viita, John Kangas, Roosa Knuutti, August Wesley, Henry Kärkkäinen, Pentti Olli, George Humon, John Kiviniemi, Yrjö Koskinen, Ivar Vapaa, Hellin and Antti Vitikainen, August Angervo, Ida Kauppi and Taisto Luoma. In addition, there have also been several American faculty members, w_ o taught not only English but other subjects as well, and whose presence also attracted some non-Finnish students to the Institute.

"The board of directors in the early years included T. Virtanen, K. Lönnquist, Leo Laukki, Adam Saari, Hjalmar Mattson, Otto Hagman, Victor Brander, and Frank Johnson, who built the first new building of the Institute in 1910. On the board of

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