In the first place, the rules of the Workers Socialist Publishing; Company demanded that the editor-in-chief, as well as all other editors, be chosen at open meetings of stockholders, with approval of the annual meeting mandatory for these appointments. The first directors of this Workers Socialist Publishing Company, registered in 1917, (the name was changed in 1955 to the Workers Publishing Company), included Karl Sanden, president; Tobias Kohvakka, vice-president; Kalle Heino, secretary; Edward Mankki, assistant secretary; Jack Stark, treasurer; and Henry Jokinen and Matti W. Tuovinen, members. In 1919, it could be estimated that the circulation of the Industrialisti was about 10,000 copies. The board was closely associated in all matters concerning the paper's contents and in all individual articles published : what was published, what not, was decided by the board on the basis of reports submitted to it by the editor-in-chief.

On 27 May 1920 the Eveleth Judicial District Court found the Workers Socialist Publishing Company guilty of publishing material "disseminating syndicalism and its teachings." Even before that, on 26 March, the company and its editors had been condemned on the basis of laws prohibiting the publication of any matter advocating the achievement of political economic goals through revolutionary means. In fact, $8,000 bail had been set for the editors, and this was taken from the paper's funds raised for just such a contingency, gathered from union branches, sponsors, workers' associations and friends. During the years which followed, the Industrialisti was subject to further court actions, and the company found it difficult to find new editors. Gust Aakula explained that, "since earlier regulations made it impossible for any editor to remain in office more than two years at a time, it soon became difficult to find editors at all, with the chief difficulty in later years being the low salaries that were offered . . . There were also strict rules regarding the kinds of advertising and the sorts of articles which could be published, but stockholders always had the privilege, before or during annual meetings, of making resolutions regarding all matters concerning the paper."

According to the Duluth Sunday News-Tribune of 21 November 1954, the IWW had more than 100,000 members at its period of greatest strength. Further, according to that article, a great number of -hem were employed in Minnesota mines, forest camps, or Great Lakes ports. In addition to those who were members. there were many others who were sympathetic with the movement. Vapaa, who had been on the board of directors of the

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