particularly on the annual Kalevala Day or on the birthday anniversaries of great Finns. Speeches and lectures on such occasions take up the significance and life work of those figures or treat of Finnish cultural history.

The Order stresses the education of children, and for this purpose there have been Sons of Kaleva and Daughters of Kaleva auxiliaries. Similarly, the important role of woman in home and community has been given recognition.

As a matter of fact, a parallel organization for women, the Kaleva Ladies, saw its birth in Red Lodge, Montana, in 1904, with John Stone (and A. S. Karvonen) once more present at the founding. From this beginning the organization grew to a strength of 59 chapters. The program was modelled on that of the Knights, and a Supreme Chapter was also organized, in Eveleth, Minnesota, in 1906.

The Amerikan Suometar (7 July 1922) wrote of the Kaleva Order that "their organization has been stupidly condemned and regarded with disfavor merely because, as a secret organization, its program remains unknown, giving rise to irrelevant, unjustified condemnation based on prejudiced preconceptions. Forming, as it were, a nationalistic family circle, in which every member can feel himself safe from the tumult of the outside world, the Order is a closed one and in that sense a secret one. But in its final results it is a public one, since the aim is that the enlightening spirit of the Order will become apparent in the daily lives of the members, and without a doubt it does become apparent there where lives are led in accordance with the spirit of the Order." Four years later, in an editorial, the same paper commented, "Let individual assumptions about the Kaleva Order be what they may, friendly, indifferent or inimical, reason will acknowledge that the tenets of the Order of the Knights and Ladies of Kaleva contain strength, a unifying spirit, and lasting inspiration."

The Duluth chapter of the Order of the Knights of Kaleva was founded in 1907, with the following members : Victor H. Gran, Daniel Hautala, John R. Heino, August Kaukonen, Charles Kauppi, Gustave F. Lahti, Risto Lappala, Victor Leino, Elias Mehtonen, William T. Niemi, Matti Pykäri, Peter Rajanen and Mikko Skarra.

The Duluth chapter of the Ladies of Kaleva was founded in 1907 also, with the following members : Olga Gran, Liina Hautala, Elizabeth Heikkilä, Anna Lahti, Lydia Lahtinen, Ida Lilius, Paulina Luokkala, Elvira Mäki, Anna Nissilä, Ida Parkkari, Hilda Puska, Hilma Signer and Maria Tuppi. It is possible to indicate some of the activities in which the Ladies have been engaged in Duluth.

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