Duluth, at times in Floodwood, Minnesota, a political weekly called Amerikan Farmari: it was, frankly, a Republican Party organ, edited by Gust Saari, and profit from sales played no role in the enterprise, and once the elections were over the paper promptly folded.

The Radio as News Media: The Finnish Winter War (1939) brought to life a monthly magazine Kuuluttaja (The Announcer), also called at times the Radio Kuuluttaja-Commentator, which radio announcer and newscaster Onni Laine began as soon as the war started. As the only Finnish-language radio publication in America, the Finns were able to read in it news in their own language and see photographs of the hopeless war their former homeland was fighting. The Kuuluttaja cost $1.00 per year, or 10c per copy, and it continued to appear as long as it was possible to obtain news from Finland, then broke off for a time when the war became world wide and it was impossible to receive mail from Finland, then resumed publication in 1944 when an armistice came between Finland and Russia. After this, however, interest gradually seemed to lessen, and after Finnish relief programs came to an end so did the Kuuluttaja, which had been edited from 1940 on by Heikki Karhu.

Onni Laine's Finnish-language radio programs had begun in Duluth in March 1937 over Station KDAL. There was not much enthusiasm on the part of the station for an interruption in schedule to give a foreign language program which might make regular listeners turn the dial elsewhere, so the program began with five minutes allotted to it at an early morning hour. Within three weeks the station was about to call off even this, unless the program succeeded in finding a sponsor. Laine did succeed in getting the big Occident Flour Milling Company to sponsor his program. Then, when the war came, the number of listeners grew greatly and the program became so popular that Occident continued its support for five years, during which time Laine's program was lengthened to 15 minutes a day, with news, commentary, interviews and Finnish music. The Occident sponsorship was followed by other advertisers, and after the war Laine made new arrangements for his program, transferring it to Station WDSM, from which he purchased 15 minutes time per day and retained the fees paid him by his sponsors.

Book Publication: Since Duluth had been the site of several fairly large publishing companies active in book publication during the last half century, and since all of Minnesota's FinnishAmericans who have ever written books have lived in Duluth

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