the church. In addition to its local mission work, there has also been missionary work in China, India and the Himalaya region. Domestically, the church has had several papers: Totuus, Uusi Totuus, Lähetysystävä, and the Palvelija.

The Baptists: The Baptist movement has had its strength particularly among Swedish Finns. The movement had its start at the beginning of the century, and by 1909 there were 15 churches with 677 members, which relied heavily on the American Baptist body, particularly the American Baptist Home Mission Society, for material support and spiritual guidance. The Finnish churches were informed of each other's activities through their paper, the Finska Missionen. Under consideration has been the establishment of a Finnish section at some Baptist seminary, but at least for the time being this has not materialized. This movement has had most of its strength in the Middle West, particularly in Minnesota.

The Unitarians: The world's first Finnish Unitarian church was born in Virginia, Minnesota in December, 1911, at the home of Pastor Risto Lappala. This event will be discussed in more detail when the history of Virginia is taken up, but it should be mentioned here that the spread of Unitarianism among the Finns has been principally in Minnesota and to a lesser degree throughout the Middle West, but usually on such a small scale that most parishes have had to depend on the American Unitarian Association for support.

The Pentecostal Church: The Pentecostal movement was born among the Negro population of California early in the century, but from there it spread rapidly among many white people, too, to the extent that during the World War II period its supporters were said to have numbered about 5,000,000 persons. However, since the Pentecostal creed denies the religious validity of an organizational structure and a controlling body, it is difficult to furnish statistics of its extent and importance among FinnishAmericans. The Finns, nevertheless, have had their own Pentecostal League, which concerned itself with plans for sending out Pentecostal pastors, issuing publications, and mission work: the Totuuden Todistaja has had some thousand subscribers or more, missionary work has been carried on in Burma and India, and scores of (non-ordained) preachers have spread the faith, in Minnesota as well as elsewhere. Preachers, evangelists, repre sentatives and supporters of the movement hold their annual `brotherhood' meetings, including usually a week-long Bible course; such meetings have often been held in Duluth, where the Pente

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