Työmies, for example, reported on 1 February 1905 that the socialist club and the Urania dramatics group were rehearsing a play together. The socialists began to use the Urania hall more, and more for their meetings and program evenings, and in 1907 so many socialists actually joined the Urania Temperance Society that they were in the majority and had become the rulers of the Urania. Legal action followed, and as a result of it the socialists emerged as the owners of the property. Soon, however, the kind of trend which developed in all socialist circles also became apparent in Eveleth, with the industrial unionists rapidly gaining ground, particularly on the eve of World War I. When a big summer festival was held in Eveleth in June 1914, it began with a parade through the city, and spearheading the parade were the American flag and the red banner carried side by side, and the main feature of the festival itself was a fiery oration by Leo Laukki. A month later developments had gone so far that purely socialist speakers were no longer permitted to hold forth at the Urania hall, and the consequence was that socialism died, to be replaced by industrial unionism.

These local Finnish workers' groups which chose to become supporters of industrial unionism and thus left the socialist fold did not have any central organization in Minnesota or elsewhere, either then or later. They operated as independent organizations, ignored the Työmies and transferred their support to the Industrialisti, which became a kind of unofficial organ for these pro-IWW groups and thus tended to give them an illusion of unity. Actually, in these organizations only a minority were apt to be members of the IWW, but the rest were sympathetic supporters and friends of the kind of activities they pursued. This was certainly true in Eveleth, where the former socialist chapters became the independent Eveleth Workers' Society and as such continued to be active for several decades. (During its most active period, a span of years, Kalle Aalto served as the director of its dramatics group.)

After World War I, a minority of the members of the Eveleth Workers' Society became communists, and in 1945 there were still 16 local subscribers to the Työmies and 20 to the Naisten Viiri. A few, including at least Arne and Vilho Mäki and Arthur and George Rovainen, were among those who moved to Russia.

Musical Activities : Both the workers' and the temperance societies have been the mainstays of musical activities in Eveleth, but a few additional groups had their start outside the framework of such societies. As small as the Finnish population was in the

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