Swedish-speaking Finns as well) so that numerous Finnish organizations appeared on the scene.

First of all, there have been several temperance societies in Aurora. Ilmonen states the first of them to have been the Hyökkäys (Attack), which joined the Temperance Brotherhood in 1904. Apparently, however, it was a short-lived organization, for by 1907 the Työmies was writing of another society, named the Länsi Toivo. Finally, when Prohibition was repealed, the Aamutähti society was born in 1933. In the Suomalainen Raittiuskansan Kalenteri published a decade later, mention is made of still another society, Palon Riento, which had been active in the community.

Parallel with the temperance societies, workers' societies also saw their birth in this typical mining community where the Finns, with the exception of a small number of businessmen,

Aurora Band. Seated: John Aspi, Wallace Korpela, Yrjö Hendrickson, Esa Mononen, Hilma Oja. Second row, Matt Rengo, David Niemi, Mary Anderson, John Lahti, Victor Arvinen, Frank Mattila, Matt Niemi, director. Third row: August Wainio, Victor Manner, Nestor Laukkonen, Andrew Oja, Isaac Korpela.

earned their living from the mines. The movement got its start in June 1906 at a meeting in which J. Hannula was elected chairman and Matt Lahti secretary, and where plans for a membership drive and a program of activities were also outlined. Series of lectures were scheduled, and speakers from outside were invited, among them J. C. Määttälä, Aku Rissanen and Leo Laukki. Membership began to grow. A lending library was established, directed by a committee which collected funds and speedily

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