there subsequently to Nashwauk, its history does not belong with these Hibbing pages.

The Kaleva Ladies were organized locally in 1906, with Liisa Kero, Vendla Rein and Hilja Lamminmäki as founding members, together with Hanna Hepola, Anna Kapalomäki, Hilda Kärkkäinen, Hilda Lauhala, Hilma Luoma, Josefiina Rahja and Laura Oquist. During the first few weeks of the society's existence membership was doubled, so that the beginning looked promising. Meetings were held and various events enthusiastically arranged, but the women suffered the same handicaps the men faced: members would move away from town, and it was not always easy to replace them with new ones. As a result, 1920 saw the demise of the local chapter, with the few who were still eager to continue their work transferring their membership to the Chisholm chapter. A few years later, however, in 1927, the Hibbing chapter was re-activated and continued its activities into the 1950s. At the time of the Delaware Tercentenary, these Ladies planted a Finnish mountain ash in Bennett Park as a local memorial to the Finnish heritage in Hibbing.

Finally, there was also a Junior Kaleva Lodge in Hibbing, under the sponsorship of the Ladies. Nineteen young people joined, but the lodge remained in existence only from 1937 to 1939.

The Workers' Movement: In a sense, the local workers' movement in Hibbing was born in dissension within the temperance society Tapio. When the Tapio dramatics group put on Minna Canth's realistic drama, The Hard-Luck Children, some members of the society criticized the play and the fact that it was being performed at all in such strong terms that its `stubborn defenders' had to quit the society. This highlighted the differences of opinion which had been developing over some time, of course, but what it led to was the establishment of a new society, founded one evening when Matti Hendrickson had been invited to Hibbing to make a speech, the Hibbing Finnish Workers' Society, named the Hedelmä (Fruit.) Within a very short time two different brands of socialism became apparent within the group, with members divided into the idealistic socialists and the bread-and-butter socialists; when it came to the issue, the latter group was the stronger, and in 1905 Hedelmä joined the Socialist Party. With this move, the Hibbing society made itself the cradle of the Finnish American Socialist movement. In 1906 it joined the Finnish Socialist Party, too, and named itself the Hibbing Finnish Socialist Chapter. The first officers elected were Gust Forsman as chairman and Henry Wuopio as secretary. There were only 12 founding

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