Finnish mixed choir at Sandy. Front row: Elsie Möttönen, Jeanne Wierimaa,
Elsie Matts, Avis Pernu, John Lintula, director, Julia Möttönen, Esther
Kivelä, Signe Taskinen. Second row: Mabel Jauhola, Ethel Esala, Hilda
Balki, Martha Nygaard, Alma Koski, Lempi Tamminen, Julia Keskitalo, Turna
Esala. Third row: Toivo Esala, John Lintula, Sydney Pernu, Willard Esala,
Walter Haryn, Sulo Esala, John Jacobson, Edwin Palen. Fourth row: Frank
Jacobson, Oscar Balki, Fred Erkkilä, Walfred Esala, Kauko Honkanen,
Clifford Pernu, Hugo Esala, Arthur Manninen.

Although Finnish families were usually large and the number of families relatively high, they did not begin by and large to maintain in these wilderness areas the kinds of fixed organizations the Finns have had in their centers of population. They did have their small congregations, of course; the Sandy-Florenton Evangelical Lutheran church, started in 1905, which joined the National Church in 1911, when a small chapel was also built. A church proper was built in 1937, although membership at that time was less than 50. The Apostolic Lutherans have also had

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